Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide.
A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only …

Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has made
tremendous progress with five CAR T therapies approved by the US Food and Drug …

The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc.
The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro …

Emerging evidence indicates that the detection and clearance of cancer cells via
phagocytosis induced by innate immune checkpoints play significant roles in tumor …

Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a
cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer,
negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal …

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or
bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises …

Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3,
regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the …