Cellular oxidation–reduction (redox) systems, which encompass pro‐and antioxidant
molecules, are integral components of a plethora of essential cellular processes. Any …

Toxicity with heavy metals has proven to be a significant hazard with several health
problems linked to it. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in living organisms, pollute the food …

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the resultantly pathological heart damage
from the restoration of blood supply through percutaneous coronary intervention. Herein …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is an outstanding
herbal medicine with various traditional effects, especially promoting blood circulation to …

We are witnessing the globalization of a specific type of arteriosclerosis with rising
prevalence, incidence and an overall cardiovascular disease burden. Currently …

The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability,
inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical oxygen intermediates that serve as important
second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these …

The endothelium, as the guardian of vascular homeostasis, is closely related to the
occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As an early marker of the …

Aging is the basis for several unfavorable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs). In this sense, regular physical activity (regular PA) has been proven to delay cellular …

In addition to their lipid-lowering functions, statins elicit additional pleiotropic effects on
apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. Many of these …