Background: Hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent condition
that leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. Purpose: To evaluate the goals and optimal …

recently, the metabolic syndrome has been identified as a secondary target for lipid-lowering
therapy by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) …

Objective This prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint study was to compare
the effects of the angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan with those of the …

A renin-angiotensin level that is inappropriately high for the systemic blood pressure and the
state of sodium balance is now recognized to be one of the modifiable cardiovascular risk …

This review addresses the physiological role of the kallikrein–kinin system in arteries, heart
and kidney and the consequences of kallikrein and kinin actions in diseases affecting these …

In the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, pharmacological treatment
strategies should have several aims:(i) in individuals without overt cardiovascular disease …

Pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly include absorption, bioavailablility, drug
distribution, half-life, drug metabolism, and drug excretion. There are numerous physiologic …

Sebagai obat kardioprotektif, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) dan
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit kardiovaskular …

Improvements in the death rate from coronary heart disease and in the control of
hypertension have leveled off in recent years, reversing a trend toward steady improvement …

Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and data
regarding the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan compared with losartan on blood …