Pacemaking is a basic physiological process, and the cellular mechanisms involved in this
function have always attracted the keen attention of investigators. The “funny”(I f) current …

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinctive components that initiate and
conduct the electrical impulse required for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart and controls heart rate
throughout life. Failure of SAN function due to congenital disease or aging results in slowing …

The heart automaticity is a fundamental physiological function in higher organisms. The
spontaneous activity is initiated by specialized populations of cardiac cells generating …

Endurance athletes exhibit sinus bradycardia, that is a slow resting heart rate, associated
with a higher incidence of sinus node (pacemaker) disease and electronic pacemaker …

The heartbeat originates within the sinoatrial node (SAN), a small structure containing<
10,000 genuine pacemaker cells. If the SAN fails, the∼ 5 billion working cardiomyocytes …

In 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on
growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the cardiac …

The mammalian heart is the first functional organ, the first indicator of life. Its normal
formation and function are essential for fetal life. Defects in heart formation lead to …

Background—Although we know much about the molecular makeup of the sinus node (SN)
in small mammals, little is known about it in humans. The aims of the present study were to …

The electrocardiographic PR interval (or PQ interval) reflects atrial and atrioventricular nodal
conduction, disturbances of which increase risk of atrial fibrillation. We report a meta …