Tuberculosis (TB), caused by respiratory infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains
a major global health threat. The only licensed TB vaccine, the one-hundred-year-old Bacille …

Monkeypox (MPX) has been regarded as a neglected tropic disease of Western and Central
Africa since the early 70s. However, during May 2022, an unprecedent outbreak of MPX has …

The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines
are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast …

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a promising viral vector for vaccine development.
MVA is well studied and has been widely used for vaccination against smallpox in Germany …

Protein or peptide-based subunit vaccines have generated excitement and renewed interest
in combating human cancer or COVID-19 outbreak. One major concern for subunit vaccine …

Recombinant native-like HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers are used in candidate
vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies. While state-of-the-art SOSIP or …

Background After the eradication of smallpox in China in 1979, vaccination with the vaccinia
virus (VACV) Tiantan strain for the general population was stopped in 1980. As the …

Despite the eradication in 1980, developing safe and effective smallpox vaccines remains
an active area of research due to the recent outbreaks and the public health concern that …

As the global response to COVID-19 continues, government stakeholders and private
partners must keep an eye on the future for the next emerging viral threat with pandemic …

The eradication of smallpox was an enormous achievement due to the global vaccination
program launched by World Health Organization. The cessation of the vaccination program …