• The specific situation of the patient. Unless otherwise provided for by national regulations,
off-label use of medication should be limited to situations where it is in the patient's interest …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors produce a distinctive pattern of benefits
on the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, which is …

The current guideline represents the 6th edition of the “Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline
for Diabetes” which has been revised every three years since its first appearance in 2004 to …

Background Among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the use of recombinant
human erythropoietin and its derivatives for the treatment of anemia has been linked to a …

Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a
reduced quality of life, and an increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms involved …

Iron deficiency anaemia is a global health concern affecting children, women and the
elderly, whilst also being a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. The …

Anemia and iron deficiency are important and common comorbidities that often coexist in
patients with heart failure. Both conditions, together or independently, are associated with …

Abstract Background Roxadustat (FG-4592) is an oral inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor
(HIF) prolyl hydroxylase that stimulates erythropoiesis and regulates iron metabolism. In …

Background Vadadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,
a class of drugs that stabilize HIF and stimulate erythropoietin and red-cell production …