The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated
behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the …

In this review, we attempt to integrate the empirical evidence regarding stimulus-specific
adaptation (SSA) and mismatch negativity (MMN) under a predictive coding perspective …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons constitute a major neuromodulatory system implicated
in normal cognition and neurodegenerative dementias. Cholinergic projections densely …

Aging is a complex biological process that increases the risk of age-related cognitive
degenerative diseases such as dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy Body …

Women are more likely than men to suffer from psychiatric disorders with hyperarousal
symptoms, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. In contrast …

The most prominent feature of the Basal Forebrain (BF) is the collection of large cortically
projecting neurons (basal nucleus of Meynert) that serve as the primary source of …

The cortical cholinergic input system has been described as a neuromodulator system that
influences broadly defined behavioral and brain states. The discovery of phasic, trial-based …

The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating
to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use …

The basal forebrain (BF) plays key roles in multiple brain functions, including sleep-wake
regulation, attention, and learning/memory, but the long-range connections mediating these …

Spatial learning, including encoding and retrieval of spatial memories as well as holding
spatial information in working memory generally serving navigation under a broad range of …