The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are membraneless ribonucleoprotein-
based cellular compartments that assemble in response to stress. SGs and PBs form …

Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that govern numerous cellular processes, including
macromolecule degradation, nutrient signalling and ion homeostasis. Aberrant changes in …

Autophagy is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological
and pathological situations. Accordingly, alterations in autophagy have been linked to …

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human
health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral components of multiple cellular pathways even
though excessive or inappropriately localized ROS damage cells. ROS function as anti …

Autophagy has broad functions in immunity, ranging from cell-autonomous defence to
coordination of complex multicellular immune responses. The successful resolution of …

The cellular degradative pathway of autophagy has a fundamental role in immunity. Here,
we review the function of autophagy and autophagy proteins in inflammation. We discuss …

Autophagy is a fundamental eukaryotic pathway that has multiple effects on immunity.
Autophagy is induced by pattern recognition receptors and, through autophagic adaptors, it …

Mammalian cell homeostasis during starvation depends on initiation of autophagy by
endoplasmic reticulum-localized phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns (3) P) synthesis …