Cerebrospinal fluid plays a crucial role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by
providing mechanical support, acting as a shock absorber, and transporting nutrients and …

Stem cell transplantation is historically understood as a powerful preclinical therapeutic
following stroke models. Current clinical strategies including clot busting/retrieval are limited …

Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the
brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both …

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) counts are increasing yearly, with a high mortality and disability
after rupture. Current diagnosis and treatment rely on costly equipment, lacking effective …

Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) stimulates the production of pro-
inflammatory molecules involved in the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The study …

Introduction Identifying all the relevant “players” in the formation and development of brain
aneurysms may help understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of an …

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture is a common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
with high mortality and morbidity. Inflammatory interleukins (IL), such as IL-6, play an …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)‐6 is a unique cytokine due to its dual signaling, with one pathway
being pro‐inflammatory (trans) and the other homeostatic (classical). Both of these pathways …

Intracranial aneurysms are reported to affect 2–5% of the population. Despite advances in
the surgical management of this disease, diagnostic technologies have marginally improved …

Background Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is common and occasionally results in life‐
threatening hemorrhagic strokes. However, the cell architecture and inflammation in the IA …