Several macromolecular machines collaborate to produce eukaryotic messenger RNA. RNA
polymerase II (Pol II) translocates along genes that are up to millions of base pairs in length …

Transcription termination occurs when the polymerase is released after a transcription event,
thus delimitating transcription units; however, the functional importance of termination …

Newly made mRNAs are processed and packaged into mature ribonucleoprotein complexes
(mRNPs) and are recognized by the essential transcription–export complex (TREX) for …

Translation and decay of eukaryotic mRNAs is controlled by shortening of the poly (A) tail
and release of the poly (A)-binding protein Pab1/PABP. The Ccr4-Not complex contains two …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and promoter-or enhancer-associated unstable
transcripts locate preferentially to chromatin, where some regulate chromatin structure …

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are at the center of the central dogma of molecular biology. In
eukaryotic cells, these long ribonucleic acid polymers do not exist as naked transcripts; …

TRanscription and EXport (TREX) is a conserved multisubunit complex essential for
embryogenesis, organogenesis and cellular differentiation throughout life. By linking …

Cognate tRNAs deliver specific amino acids to translating ribosomes according to the
standard genetic code, and three codons with no cognate tRNAs serve as stop codons …

Nuclear export of mRNAs is a crucial step in the regulation of gene expression, linking
transcription in the nucleus to translation in the cytoplasm. Although important components …

The prevailing view of the nuclear genetic code is that it is largely frozen and unambiguous.
Flexibility in the nuclear genetic code has been demonstrated in ciliates that reassign …