Complex and bidirectional interactions between the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and
autonomic nervous system have been well established for cardiovascular regulation under …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is one of the most important systems in
cardiovascular control and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a newly discovered carboxy-peptidase
responsible for the formation of vasodilatory peptides such as angiotensin-(1–7). We …

Angiotensin II–mediated vascular brain inflammation emerged as a novel
pathophysiological mechanism in neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise …

The renin-angiotensin system is a major physiological regulator of arterial pressure and
hydro-electrolyte balance. Evidence has now been accumulated that in addition to …

Renin was first isolated in the kidney by Tigerstedt and Bergman over 100 years ago. Almost
50 additional years were necessary to isolate the renin substrate angiotensinogen and to …

This review focuses on the dysfunction of the intrinsic brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS)
in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Hyperactivity of the brain RAS plays a critical role in …

Present in more than one billion adults, hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk
factor for mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is not yet …

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) impacts cardiovascular homeostasis via
direct actions on peripheral blood vessels and via modulation of the autonomic nervous …

We recently reported the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 in brain
regions controlling cardiovascular function; however, the role of ACE2 in blood pressure …