The reproductive endocrine systems are vastly different between males and females. This
sexual dimorphism of the endocrine milieu originates from sex-specific differentiation of the …

Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining
a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive …

Human testis development in prenatal life involves complex changes in germline and
somatic cell identity. To better understand, we profiled and analyzed∼ 32,500 single-cell …

Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the
differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of …

Disorders (or differences) of sex development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of
congenital conditions with variations in chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Impaired …

Formation of either an ovary or a testis during human embryonic life is one of the most
important sex-specific events leading to the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics …

Since its initial discovery in the 1940s, research into the physiological actions of anti-
Müllerian hormone (AMH), from its eponymous role in male developmental biology to its …

The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures,
given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4-and 12-weeks' …

Sex is a biological variable that contributes to individual variability in brain structure and
behavior. Neuroimaging studies of population‐based samples have identified normative …

BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human
reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical …