Post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide a rapid response to stimuli, finely tuning
metabolism and gene expression and maintain homeostasis. Advances in mass …

Conspectus Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that modulates
function by mediating key protein–protein interactions. One of the early proteins shown to …

Reversible phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for controlling protein function.
Despite the critical roles phosphorylated proteins play in physiology and disease, our ability …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-
translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged …

Sulfur (S) is an essential element for life on Earth. Plants are able to take up and utilize
sulfate (SO42-), the most oxidized inorganic form of S compounds on Earth, through the …

The diversity of three hypervariable loops in antibody heavy chain and light chain, termed
the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), defines antibody's binding affinity and …

Abstract Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 are widely occurring diseases. In spite of a vast
amount of biomedical literature about diabetic processes in general, links to certain …

Simple Summary Antibodies play a critical role in the immune system's defense against
pathogens. Such antibodies can be used for passive immunization, but they are rather …

In humans, methionine derived from dietary proteins is necessary for cellular homeostasis
and regeneration of sulfur containing pathways, which produce inorganic sulfur species …