The Akt signal transduction pathway controls most hallmarks of cancer. Activation of the Akt
cascade promotes a malignant phenotype and is also widely implicated in drug resistance …

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a key component of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). 5-FU
efficacy is established by intracellular levels of folate cofactors and DNA damage repair …

Folates have been used with cytotoxic agents for decades and today they are used in
hundreds of thousands of patients annually. Folate metabolism is complex. In the treatment …

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging diseases due to its often late diagnose
which results in limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. To date, the only curative …

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, belonging to the family D, are expressed in
peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum or lysosomes. ABCD transporters play a role in …

The initial conventional chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) always consists of a
fluoropyrimidine, either the parent drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU), the prodrug capecitabine, or the …

Melanoma, a highly aggressive form of cancer, is notoriously resistant to available therapies.
Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate, competitively inhibits DNA synthesis and is effective for …

Folate is a nutrient crucial for rapidly growing tissues, including developing embryos and
cancer cells. Folate participates in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, S …

Colorectal cancer is commonly treated with 5-fluorouracil and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate
(leucovorin). Metabolic action of leucovorin requires several enzymatic steps that are …