In most daily activities related to work or leisure, the energy for muscle work substantially
comes from oxidative metabolism. Functional limitations or impairments of this metabolism …

This review examines how the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular function over multiple time scales. This is achieved through …

Aerobic exercise training leads to cardiovascular changes that markedly increase aerobic
power and lead to improved endurance performance. The functionally most important …

The introduction of duplex Doppler ultrasound almost half a century ago signified a
revolutionary advance in the ability to assess limb blood flow in humans. It is now widely …

Regional limb blood flow has been measured with dilution techniques (cardio‐green or
thermodilution) and ultrasound Doppler. When applied to the femoral artery and vein at rest …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease caused by mutation of the gene
encoding the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Despite a wealth of recent information about …

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non‐invasive method for monitoring oxygen
availability and utilization by the tissues. In intact skeletal muscle, NIRS allows semi …

Chronic fibromyalgia (FM) pain is prevalent (estimated as high as 13%), predominantly
affects women, and is associated with a variety of focal pain conditions. Ongoing FM pain is …

Activation of skeletal muscle fibers by somatic nerves results in vasodilation and functional
hyperemia. Sympathetic nerve activity is integral to vasoconstriction and the maintenance of …

Despite its crucial importance, scientists interested in the limitations of human physical
performance have only just started to give the field of oxygen uptake kinetics the attention it …