Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the
extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society …

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related
sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity …

Fibrosis occurs when there is an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and
degradation. Excessive ECM deposition results in scarring and thickening of the affected …

The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential
regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the …

Atrophy occurs in specific muscles with inactivity (for example, during plaster cast
immobilization) or denervation (for example, in patients with spinal cord injuries). Muscle …

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome with a significant impact on older patients' quality of life,
morbidity and mortality. Despite the new available criteria, its early diagnosis remains …

Both acquired and inherited disorders of muscle are common; thus, greater understanding of
muscle growth and maintenance is important for future therapies. Myostatin down-regulates …

Skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are functionally linked, as exercise
increases browning via secretion of myokines. It is unknown whether BAT affects muscle …

Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has been
shown to be a negative regulator of myogenesis. Here we show that myostatin functions by …

Mice and cattle with genetic deficiencies in myostatin exhibit dramatic increases in skeletal
muscle mass, suggesting that myostatin normally suppresses muscle growth. Whether this …