Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process
regulated by various pro-and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor …

Cancer is a disease which frequently has a poor prognosis. Although multiple therapeutic
strategies have been developed for various cancers, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy …

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive
disease with a poor prognosis for advanced tumors. Anoikis play a key role in cancer …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoes stepwise progression from
normal tissues to precancerous leukoplakia, primary HNSCC, and metastasized tumors. To …

Although nutrient-starvation therapies can elicit strong anti-tumor effects in multiple
carcinomas, it has been convincingly demonstrated that cancer cells exploit the tumor …

Starvation therapy has been considered a promising strategy in cancer treatment for altering
the tumor microenvironment (TME) and causing a cascade of therapeutic effects. However, it …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are approved for treatment of recurrent or
metastatic oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the first-and second …

The synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is versatile, which
has enhanced the interest in studying them as theranostic agents over recent years. As …

Cell–cell communication is essential to many key biological processes. Intercellular
communication is generally mediated by ligand–receptor interactions (LRIs). Thus, building …

The positive feedback loop of activated regulatory T cells (aTregs) and M2 macrophages
(M2) play a vital role in promoting the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment of head …