Many research questions in Earth and environmental sciences are inherently causal,
requiring robust analyses to establish whether and how changes in one variable cause …

Heat and drought stress, which often occur together, are the main environmental factors
limiting the survival and growth of vegetation. Studies on the response of gross primary …

Grassland ecosystems store approximately one-third of the global terrestrial carbon stocks,
which play a crucial role in regulating the carbon cycle on regional and global scales, but …

Extreme climate events undoubtedly have essential impacts on ecosystem gross primary
productivity (GPP), but the global spatio-temporal patterns of GPP responses to climate …

This study aimed to evaluate whether the improvement in soil conditions induced by the
vegetation spontaneously colonizing abandoned metal (loid) mine tailings from semiarid …

Evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning is critical for evaluating ecosystem productivity, water
balance, and plant vs. ecosystem water use efficiency. However, large uncertainties remain …

Afforestation projects in urban areas have generally prospered in China. Although urban
forests play an important role in sequestering carbon (C) at local to regional scales …

The still significant uncertainties associated with the future capacity of terrestrial systems to
mitigate climate change are linked to the lack of knowledge of the biotic and abiotic …

Introduction Moso bamboo forests, widely distributed in subtropical regions, are increasingly
valued for their strong carbon sequestration capacity. However, the carbon flux variations …

Carbon gains (gross ecosystem production, GEP) and water losses (evapotranspiration, ET)
are critical for assessing vegetation recovery potential in drylands. However, large …