Simple Summary Nucleic acid drugs provide novel therapeutic modalities with
characteristics that differ from those of small molecules and antibodies. In this review, I focus …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has pleiotropic effects on cell
proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, senescence, and apoptosis. TGF-β can be widely …

Background High grade glioma (HGG) is an aggressive form of brain cancer. Treatment of
HGG usually entails biopsy, or resection if safe, followed by radiotherapy. Temozolomide is …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor and has
a very poor prognosis, with only around 5% of patients surviving for a period of 5 years or …

The central nervous system (CNS) possesses powerful local and global immunosuppressive
capabilities that modulate unwanted inflammatory reactions in nervous tissue. These same …

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-!) belongs to a superfamily of cytokines that act on
protein kinase receptors at the plasma membrane to induce a plethora of biological signals …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) functions as a tumor suppressor in premalignant cells
but as a metastasis promoter in cancer cells. The dichotomous functions of TGF-β are …

Recent advances in RNA delivery and target selection provide unprecedented opportunities
for cancer treatment, especially for cancers that are particularly hard to treat with existing …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a ubiquitous cytokine essential for embryonic
development and postnatal tissue homeostasis. TGFβ signalling regulates several biological …