There is a growing number of studies on the association between ambient air pollution and
adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their results have been inconsistent. Consequently, a …

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

The American Thoracic Society has previously published statements on what constitutes an
adverse effect on health of air pollution in 1985 and 2000. We set out to update and broaden …

Exposure to toxic environmental chemicals during pregnancy and breastfeeding is
ubiquitous and is a threat to healthy human reproduction. There are tens of thousands of …

We examined whether early gestational exposures to pesticides were associated with an
increased risk of anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), or cleft …

The association between exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory or cardiovascular
endpoints is well-established. An increasing number of studies have shown that this …

Congenital anomalies are the main causes of preterm and neonatal mortality and morbidity.
We investigated the association between congenital anomalies and mothers' exposure to air …

Background: A recent meta-analysis suggested evidence for an effect of exposure to
ambient air pollutants on risk of certain congenital heart defects. However, few studies have …

Background Congenital malformations are considered as one of the significant causes of
preterm as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality. Literature suggests the association of …

Objective To test the hypothesis that exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2. 5) is
associated with stillbirth. Study Design Geo-spatial population-based cohort study using …