Over a period of more than 50 years, the symptomatic treatment of the motor symptoms of
Parkinson disease (PD) has been optimized using pharmacotherapy, deep brain …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

Inclusions in the brain containing α-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's
disease, but how these inclusions are formed and how this links to disease is poorly …

Parkinson's disease is a debilitating movement disorder characterized by a generalized
dysfunction of the nervous system, with a particularly prominent decline in the nigrostriatal …

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) metabolize many drugs that act on the central nervous
system (CNS), such as antidepressants and antipsychotics; drugs of abuse; endogenous …

Background Epidemiological data suggest that the male gender is one of the risks factors for
the development of Parkinson Disease (PD). Also, differences in the clinical manifestation …

There exists a remarkable diversity of neurotransmitter compounds in the striatum, a pivotal
brain region in the pathology of Parkinson's disease, a movement disorder characterized by …

Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking
and low risk of Parkinson disease (PD). As a major component of tobacco smoke, nicotine …

Background Harmaline and harmine are tremorigenic β-carbolines that, on administration to
experimental animals, induce an acute postural and kinetic tremor of axial and truncal …

Cigarette smoke is a major health risk factor which significantly increases the incidence of
diseases including lung cancer and respiratory infections. However, there is increasing …