High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple
functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone …

Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

The pathophysiology of glaucoma is complex, multifactorial and not completely understood.
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or impaired retinal blood flow may cause initial optic …

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Cellular senescence is a heterogeneous process guided by genetic, epigenetic and
environmental factors, characterizing many types of somatic cells. It has been suggested as …

There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently
studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective …

Inflammation is a crucial component of various stress-induced responses that contributes to
the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Depressive-like behavior (DLB) is …

Mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely a consequence of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a particular concern given the increasing prevalence of …

Itaconate is one of the best examples of the consequences of metabolic reprogramming
during immunity. It is made by diverting aconitate away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle …