Hydrogels are synthetic or natural polymer networks that closely mimic native extracellular
matrices. As hydrogel-based vehicles are being increasingly employed in therapeutic cell …

Epithelial tissues are composed of layers of tightly connected cells shaped into complex
three-dimensional (3D) structures such as cysts, tubules, or invaginations. These complex …

A large number of opportunities for biomedical hydrogel design and functionality through
photo-processing have stretched the limits of innovation. As both photochemical …

We present a novel approach to control endothelial tubulogenesis by spatially patterning
cells within micromolded collagen gels. Endothelial cells cultured within microscale …

Complex tissues contain multiple cell types that are hierarchically organized within
morphologically and functionally distinct compartments. Construction of engineered tissues …

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has rapidly emerged as a major fabrication tool in the
bioengineering of tissue constructs. 3D bioprinting enables the precise deposition of nano …

“Humanized” mice offer a window into aspects of human physiology that are otherwise
inaccessible. The best available methods for liver humanization rely on cell transplantation …

BACKGROUND: Inside the body, cells lie in direct contact or in close proximity to other cell
types in a tightly controlled architecture that often regulates the resulting tissue function …

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease negatively affecting up to 15% of adults worldwide.
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) hold great promises for periodontal tissue …

Biological structures are inherently complex in nature. Structural hierarchy, chemical
anisotropy, and compositional heterogeneity are ubiquitous in biological systems and play a …