Background COPD is a common HIV comorbidity, and HIV-infected individuals have a
higher incidence and earlier onset of COPD compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. While …

Myogenic differentiation mechanisms are generally assessed using a murine cell line
placed in low concentrations of an animal-derived serum. To more closely approximate in …

The recurring instances of infectious disease outbreaks, coupled with complications such as
comorbidity challenges and antibiotic resistance, consistently underscore the limitations …

In complex physiological systems, causal associations between protein concentration and
outcomes can be difficult to determine, as proteins can be both effectors of outcomes and …

SCGB1A1 (secretoglobin family 1A member 1) is an important protein for multiple pulmonary
diseases, especially asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. One …

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lung damage in COPD is …

Background/Objective: Systemic inflammation is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), and evidence suggests that inflammatory biomarkers can predict acute …

Biomarkers are indicators of a pathological or physiological state, and they are essential for
facilitating the diagnosis of a subclinical condition, understanding the origin or progression …

Secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1) alternatively known as club cell protein 16 is
a protective pneumo-protein. Decreased serum levels of SCGB1A1 have been associated …

Introduction Cathelicidin (also known as LL-37 in humans) is an antimicrobial peptide
secreted by epithelial and immune cells and regulated by vitamin D. The immunological …