Objective To compare the efficacy and discontinuation of augmentation agents in adult
patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We conducted a systematic review and …

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are diagnosed and classified using the Rome
criteria; the criteria may change over time as new scientific data emerge. The Rome IV was …

Background Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is common; repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) by use of high-frequency (10 Hz) left-side …

Ketamine is a non-competitive channel blocker of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. A
single sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine produces rapid (within hours) and long-lasting …

Background The benefits and risks of augmenting or switching antidepressants in older
adults with treatment-resistant depression have not been extensively studied. Methods We …

Background Many depressed patients are not able to achieve or sustain symptom remission
despite serial treatment trials–often termed “treatment resistant depression”. A broader …

Objective Ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has
shown rapid antidepressant effects, but small study groups and inadequate control …

Background & Aims Central neuromodulators (antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other
central nervous system− targeted medications) are increasingly used for treatment of …

For nearly 50 years, Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease has been
the go-to reference for gastroenterology and hepatology residents, fellows, physicians, and …

An update is available for this article. Description: The purpose of this guideline from the
American College of Physicians (ACP) is to present updated clinical recommendations on …