Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However,
exercise also activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increases levels of the …

Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary
for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction …

Preferences for different combinations of costs and benefits are a key source of variability in
economic decision-making. However, the neurochemical basis of individual differences in …

High levels of impulsive behaviours are a clinically significant symptom in a range of
psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder …

Addictions are commonly presaged by problems in childhood and adolescence. For many
individuals this starts with the early expression of impulsive risk-taking, social …

Elevated impulsivity is a symptom shared by various psychiatric disorders such as
substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder …

Rationale High levels of impulsivity are a core symptom of psychiatric disorders such as
ADHD, mania, personality disorders and drug addiction. The effectiveness of drugs targeting …

Impulsivity symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as
increased risk taking have been linked with impaired reward processing. Previous studies …

Personal success often requires the choice to expend greater effort for larger rewards, and
deficits in such effortful decision making accompany a number of illnesses including …

Rationale Impulsivity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, most notably
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drugs that augment catecholamine function …