Oxytocin is a pleiotropic, peptide hormone with broad implications for general health,
adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior. Endogenous oxytocin and …

Reactogenicity represents the physical manifestation of the inflammatory response to
vaccination, and can include injection-site pain, redness, swelling or induration at the …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

Innate immune cells play a well-documented role in the etiology and disease course of
many brain-based conditions, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic …

The gut microbiota is a complex system, consisting of a dynamic population of
microorganisms, involved in the regulation of the host's homeostasis. A vast number of …

Microglia are mononuclear phagocytes of mesodermal origin that migrate to the central
nervous system (CNS) during the early stages of embryonic development. After colonizing …

The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled …

Changes in the microbiota are associated with alterations in nervous system structure-
function and behavior and have been implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric and …

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, present
a health benefit for the host. While the beneficial effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal …

Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important
functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different …