The burden of disease and death attributable to environmental pollution is becoming a
public health challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The kidney is …

Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the
development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically
characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured nephrons become …

Cadmium (Cd) is a food-chain contaminant that has high rates of soil-to-plant transference.
This phenomenon makes dietary Cd intake unavoidable. Although long-term Cd intake …

The gut microbiome, often referred to as" super organ", comprises up to a hundred trillion
microorganisms, and the species diversity may vary from person to person. They perform a …

The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-
moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations …

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal belonging to the group of the main chemical pollutants of
the natural and occupational environment in economically developed countries. The …

In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable
excretion of cadmium (Cd)(ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g …

Background Occupational and environmental exposures to toxic metals are established risk
factors for the development of hypertension and kidney disease in adults. There is some …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals without biological function, and its
accumulation in living organisms has been reported. The kidney is a target organ in Cd …