The mesolimbic hypothesis has been a central dogma of schizophrenia for decades,
positing that aberrant functioning of midbrain dopamine projections to limbic regions causes …

Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

When people are forced to be isolated from each other, do they crave social interactions? To
address this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural …

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods, including data acquisition, pre-
processing and analysis, have benefited research on the contributions of subcortical brain …

Memory is essential to adaptive behavior because it allows past experience to guide
choices. Emerging findings indicate that the neurotransmitter dopamine, which signals …

Appropriate interpretation of pleasurable, rewarding experiences favors decisions that
enhance survival. Conversely, dysfunctional affective brain processing can lead to life …

According to the Hebb rule, the change in the strength of a synapse depends only on the
local interaction of presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Studies at many types of synapses …

In Bayesian brain theories, hierarchically related prediction errors (PEs) play a central role
for predicting sensory inputs and inferring their underlying causes, eg, the probabilistic …

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are essential for controlling key functions of the brain,
such as voluntary movement, reward processing, and working memory. The largest …

Decision-making invokes two fundamental axes of control: affect or valence, spanning
reward and punishment, and effect or action, spanning invigoration and inhibition. We …