Abstract SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the coronavirus infectious disease-19
(COVID-19), is taking the globe by storm, approaching 500,000 confirmed cases and over …

Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes
remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly …

Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused
by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the …

Immunosenescence is a series of age-related changes that affect the immune system and,
with time, lead to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. This Review addresses …

Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency)
and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in …

Senescent cells (SCs) arise from normal cells in multiple organs due to inflammatory,
metabolic, DNA damage, or tissue damage signals. SCs are non-proliferating but …

Supercentenarians, people who have reached 110 y of age, are a great model of healthy
aging. Their characteristics of delayed onset of age-related diseases and compression of …

The effects of aging on the immune system are manifest at multiple levels that include
reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and diminished function of …

Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …

In the older adult, the benefits of vaccination to prevent infectious disease are limited, mainly
because of the adaptive immune system's inability to generate protective immunity. The age …