The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leads to the
characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: bradykinesia, rigidity and resting …

Abstract Insulin and Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) play a major role in body homeostasis
and glucose regulation. They also have paracrine/autocrine functions in the brain. The …

Background It has recently become apparent that neuroinflammation may play a significant
role in Parkinson's disease (PD). This is also the case in animal paradigms of the disease …

Concepts of pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been based on attempts to
understand the mechanisms responsible for nigral dopaminergic cell death. Pathogenesis …

Research in the last two decades has unveiled an important role for neuroinflammation in
the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway that constitutes the …

Most cases of Parkinson′ s disease (PD) are sporadic. When choosing an animal model for
idiopathic PD, one must consider the extent of similarity or divergence between the …

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) and related pathways are thought to play an important
role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our in vitro experiments suggested …

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) are thought to help prevent oxidative stress-related diseases,
such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and aging. We here …

A degradation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA-ergic) system is the key component of
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Initial clinical symptoms appear 20–30 years …

Calcineurin (CN) is a highly conserved Ca2+–calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase
that senses Ca2+ concentrations and transduces that information into cellular responses …