Genetic predisposition to pulmonary fibrosis has been confirmed by the discovery of several
gene mutations that cause pulmonary fibrosis. Although genetic sequencing of familial …

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of
alveolar surfactant and dysfunction of alveolar macrophages. PAP results in progressive …

Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases with
significant morbidity and mortality. An accurate and quick aetiological diagnosis may …

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex of lipids and proteins assembled and secreted by the
alveolar epithelium into the thin layer of fluid coating the respiratory surface of lungs. There …

Genes involved in the production of pulmonary surfactant are crucial for the development
and maintenance of healthy lungs. Germline mutations in surfactant-related genes cause a …

Patients with familial pulmonary fibrosis represent a subset of patients with pulmonary
fibrosis in whom inherited gene variation predisposes them to disease development. In the …

Pulmonary fibrosis can develop in association with genetic variants, occupational and
environmental exposures, adverse reactions to numerous medications, and many …

Background The majority of patients with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) caused
by pathogenic variants in ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) develop …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be a serious complication for the treatment of cancer as well
as for microbial and parasitic infections. Dysregulated overexpression of several members of …

The world of rare interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is diverse and complex. Diagnosis and
therapy usually pose challenges. This review describes a selection of rare and ultrarare …