Measurement of oxygen consumption is a powerful and uniquely informative experimental
technique. It can help identify mitochondrial mechanisms of action following pharmacologic …

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that is morphologically,
genetically, and biochemically distinct from apoptosis and necroptosis, and its potential use …

The acidic tumour microenvironment is now recognized as a tumour phenotype that drives
cancer somatic evolution and disease progression, causing cancer cells to become more …

Under hypoxic conditions, tumor cells undergo a series of adaptations that promote
evolution of a more aggressive tumor phenotype including the activation of DNA damage …

Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are fundamental to cellular adaptation to low
oxygen levels, but it is unclear how they interact with chromatin and activate their target …

The establishment of tumor microenvironment using biomimetic in vitro models that
recapitulate key tumor hallmarks including the tumor supporting extracellular matrix (ECM) is …

Cell culture is an important tool for the understanding of cell biology and behavior. In vitro
cultivation has been increasingly indispensable for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and …

From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the
inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to …

Assessment of hypoxia, nutrients, metabolite gradients, and other hallmarks of the tumor
microenvironment within 3D multicellular spheroid and organoid models represents a …

Resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and to aromatase
inhibitors that lower circulating estradiol occurs in up to 50% of patients, generally leading to …