In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a prototypical autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation
and destruction. There is currently no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, and the effectiveness of …

It is well-established that the chemokine CXC motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor, the
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR5, play fundamental roles in inflammatory …

The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main
content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced Search SEARCH …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte
trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs. By supporting high …

Infiltration of memory CD4+ T cells in synovial joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients
has been reported since decades. Moreover, several genome wide association studies …

In this Review we focus on the initiation of autoantibody production and autoantibody
pathogenicity, with a special emphasis on the targeted antigens. Release of intracellular …

Cytokines regulate a broad range of inflammatory processes that are implicated in the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid joints, it is well known that an imbalance …