This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the
brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we …

A model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first
instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs …

Human behavior is the joint product of (i) contingencies of survival responsible for natural
selection, and (ii) contingencies of reinforcement responsible for the repertoires of …

We examine two different descriptions of the behavioral functions of the hippocampal
system. One emphasizes spatially organized behaviors, especially those using cognitive …

Animal research suggests that central serotonergic neurons are involved in behavioral
suppression, particularly anxiety-related inhibition. The hypothesis linking decreased …

It is increasingly clear that memories are distributed across multiple brain areas. Such
“engram complexes” are important features of memory formation and consolidation. Here …

Rats with damage to the fimbria-fornix were tested for the post-operative retention of a
preoperatively learned discrimination on a radial arm maze. The maze contained two sets of …

Theories of spatial cognition are derived from many sources. Psychologists are concerned
with determining the features of the mind which, in combination with external inputs, produce …

Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral
studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; …