Iron is essential in many physiological processes, including DNA metabolism, oxygen
transport, and cellular energy generation. Deregulated iron metabolism, which results in iron …

Iron is an essential element for virtually all cell types due to its role in energy metabolism,
nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. Nevertheless, if free, iron induces cellular and …

Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this
review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage …

Despite several decades of study, whether iron is involved in the development of
atherosclerosis remains a controversial and unresolved issue. Here, we focus on the up-to …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major burden on global health and a leading
cause of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of this chronic disease is complex, involving …

Iron is essential for many biological processes. Inadequate or excess amount of body iron
can result in various pathological consequences. The pathological roles of iron in …

Since the successful conquest of many acute, communicable (infectious) diseases through
the use of vaccines and antibiotics, the currently most prevalent diseases are chronic and …

Metal ions provide considerable functionality across biological systems, and their utilization
within biomolecules has adapted through changes in the chemical environment to maintain …

Background The effect of long-term exposure to metal components in particulate matter on
mortality are still controversial. Objectives To study the association between long-term …

Iron is indispensable in numerous biologic processes, but abnormal iron regulation and
accumulation is related to pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases. However, the …