The circadian clock evolved in diverse organisms to integrate external environmental
changes and internal physiology. The clock endows the host with temporal precision and …

BACKGROUND Life-forms ranging from bacteria to humans are programmed by circadian
clocks—mechanisms that impose an~ 24-hour rhythmicity on biology in harmony with …

The discovery of the genetic basis for circadian rhythms has expanded our knowledge of the
temporal organization of behavior and physiology. The observations that the circadian gene …

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption are frequently observed in patients with psychiatric
disorders and neurodegenerative disease. The abnormal sleep that is experienced by these …

The circadian system orchestrates the temporal organization of many aspects of physiology,
including metabolism, in synchrony with the 24 hr rotation of the Earth. Like the metabolic …

Obesity has become a serious public health problem and a major risk factor for the
development of illnesses, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Human homeostatic …

24-h rhythms in physiology and behaviour are organized by a body-wide network of
endogenous circadian clocks. In mammals, a central pacemaker in the hypothalamic …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the mammalian hypothalamus functions as an
endogenous pacemaker that generates and maintains circadian rhythms throughout the …

Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many
other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular …

The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living
beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In …