Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and
metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes
whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans …

The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of
cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in cancer. The level of
ROS will determine physiological effects. While high levels of ROS can cause damage to …

Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA
damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies …

Cancer tissues are composed of cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells (eg,
fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells), in addition to the extracellular …

Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradative process that has a key role in cellular
stress responses and survival. Recent work has begun to explore the function of autophagy …

Canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling is involved in most of the mechanisms that lead to the
formation and development of cancer cells. It plays a central role in three cyclic processes …

Autophagy is a major intracellular degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic materials to
the lysosome for degradation. Since the discovery of autophagy-related (Atg) genes in the …

abstract Glucose is a key metabolite used by cancer cells to generate ATP, maintain redox
state and create biomass. Glucose can be catabolized to lactate in the cytoplasm, which is …