Contest theory predicts the evolution of a stable mixture of different strategies for fighting.
Here, we investigate the possibility that stable between-individual differences in startle …

In fish, predation risk is often size-specific due to gape limited piscivores and visibility
constraints. We have investigated whether risk-taking behaviour in perch varies in …

Within the same population, proactive (ie bolder, more exploratory, active and aggressive)
and reactive (ie more timid, less exploratory, less active and more passive) individuals could …

Since animal minds are private, so their perception of their own quality of life (QoL) must be
also. Anthropocentrism, the interpretation of reality exclusively in terms of human values and …

It is often assumed that measures of temperament within individuals are more correlated to
one another than to measures of problem solving. However, the exact relationship between …

How animals react to novel food and objects is commonly thought of as a crucial step toward
innovations. One would therefore expect innovative species to be attracted to novelty and …

Personality traits, defined as differences in the behavior of individual animals of the same
species that are consistent over time and context, such as 'boldness,'have been shown to be …

The negative impact of anthropogenic noise on marine animals is receiving increasing
attention. In order to study the effect of motorboat noise on foraging behaviour in fish, we …

One explanation for animal personality is that different behavioural types derive from
different life-history strategies. Highly productive individuals, with high growth rates and high …

Boldness, a measure of an individual's propensity for taking risks, is an important
determinant of fitness but is not necessarily a fixed trait. Dependent upon an individual's …