Best practices in preclinical algesiometry (pain behaviour testing) have shifted over the past
decade as a result of technological advancements, the continued dearth of translational …

Many are frustrated with the lack of translational progress in the pain field, in which huge
gains in basic science knowledge obtained using animal models have not led to the …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

Somatosensory afferents are traditionally classified by soma size, myelination, and their
response specificity to external and internal stimuli. Here, we propose the functional …

The formalin test is increasingly used as a model of injury-produced pain but there is no
generally accepted method of pain rating. To examine the properties of various pain rating …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that remains
difficult to treat because underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In part, this is …

Neuropathic pain remains an area of considerable unmet clinical need. Research based on
preclinical animal models has failed to deliver truly novel treatment options, questioning the …

Formalin injected subcutaneously into the paw is a frequently used pain assay; it evokes an
initial period of licking and flinching followed by a period of quiescence and last by a second …

Opioid and psychostimulant drugs have long been used for the relief of chronic pain in the
clinical situation. Animal studies confirm that these drugs alleviate persistent or tonic pain …

In recent years, the disappointing history of translation in pain research has undergone
significant scrutiny. The escalation of knowledge and understanding related to presumed …