Ginger is composed of multiple bioactive compounds, including 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-
gingerol, gingerdiones, gingerdiols, paradols, 6-dehydrogingerols, 5-acetoxy-6-gingerol, 3 …

The most recent findings linking exposure to sun and vitamin D insufficiency to multiple
sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. Due to insufficient sunshine and changing lifestyles …

Inflammation may be defined as the innate response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens,
injury, and metabolic stress; its ultimate function is to restore the physiological homeostatic …

The association between smoke habit and autoimmunity has been hypothesized a long time
ago. Smoke has been found to play a pathogenic role in certain autoimmune disease as it …

The gut microbiota is a potential environmental factor that influences the development of
multiple sclerosis (MS). We and others have demonstrated that patients with MS and healthy …

Abstract Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a new member of the IL-12 family. It is produced by
activated antigen-presenting cells and plays an important role in the regulation of CD4+ T …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system
with unknown etiology. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential factor in the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can give rise to
different clinical manifestations that are directly related to viral tissue damage or indirectly …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarker identification is important for pathogenesis
research and diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood …

Background Inflammatory stimuli induce immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) expression that
in turn catalyzes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Itaconate has …