Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

Abrupt changes in climate have occurred in many locations around the globe over the last
glacial cycle, with pronounced temperature swings on timescales of decades or less in the …

Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …

The world faces an environmental crisis unprecedented in human history. Carbon dioxide
levels have reached heights not seen for three million years, and the greatest mass …

Wheat and barley evolved from large-seeded annual grasses in the arid, low latitudes of
Asia; their spread into higher elevations and northern latitudes involved corresponding …

Impacts of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems are imperfectly constrained by
ecosystem models and direct observations. Pervasive ecosystem transformations occurred …

Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum
approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for …

We present an update of the 'key points' from the Antarctic Climate Change and the
Environment (ACCE) report that was published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic …

Improving observations of ocean heat content show that Earth is absorbing more energy
from the Sun than it is radiating to space as heat, even during the recent solar minimum. The …

The alkenone‐based U proxy is a cornerstone of paleoclimatology, providing insight into the
temperature history of the Earth's surface ocean. Although the relationship between U and …