Tissue engineering is an emerging means for resolving the problems of tissue repair and
organ replacement in regenerative medicine. Insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen to …

Chondrogenesis is a highly coordinated event in embryo development, adult homeostasis,
and repair of the vertebrate cartilage. Fate decisions and differentiation of chondrocytes …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized as new candidates
for cell-free treatment of various diseases. However, maintaining the retention and stability of …

Fibrosis is caused by extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which
play a crucial role in injury repair. Fibrosis attributes to~ 45% of all deaths worldwide. The …

Vascular grafts often exhibit low patency rates in clinical settings due to the pathological
environment within the patients requiring the surgery. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) …

Objective: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a vital role in maintaining vascular
homeostasis. However, most studies ascribed the function of PVAT in vascular remodeling …

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a common manifestation of
atherosclerosis that is increasing in global prevalence and in the associated public health …

Background Premature ovarian failure is a relatively common condition that affects 1–3% of
adult women. Premature ovarian failure occurs when there is loss of ovarian function in …

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder and
characterized by menopause, increased gonadotropin levels and estrogen deficiency before …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous
system with unknown etiology. It is accompanied by demyelination of the nerves during …