Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

Advancing perovskite solar cell technologies toward their theoretical power conversion
efficiency (PCE) requires delicate control over the carrier dynamics throughout the entire …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

The striatal dopaminergic system has been implicated in reinforcement learning (RL), motor
performance, and incentive motivation. Various computational models have been proposed …

Motivational and hedonic impairments are core aspects of a variety of types of
psychopathology. These impairments cut across diagnostic categories and may be critical to …

It has been known for some time that nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in
aspects of motivation, but theoretical approaches to understanding the functions of DA have …

Several symptoms associated with chronic pain, including fatigue and depression, are
characterized by reduced motivation to initiate or complete goal-directed tasks. However, it …

Operant behavior is not only regulated by factors related to the quality or quantity of
reinforcement, but also by the work requirements inherent in performing instrumental …

An examination of the link between the vigor with which we move and the value that the
brain assigns to the goal of the movement. Why do we reflexively run toward people we love …