Herein we summarize important discoveries made over many years about Leydig cell
function and regulation. Fetal Leydig cells produce the high levels of androgen (testosterone …

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied typical endocrine-disrupting chemical, and one of the
major new issues is the safe replacement of this commonly used compound. Bisphenol S …

The purposes of this review are to (1) evaluate human and experimental evidence for
adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans, produced by exposure to …

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate gland that is frequently
found in aging men. Androgens are essential for the development and differentiated function …

Establishment of the steroid-producing Leydig cell lineage is an event downstream of Sry
that is critical for masculinization of mammalian embryos. Neither the origin of fetal Leydig …

The pivotal point of vertebrate sex determination is the development of the gonad into a
testis or ovary, which governs phenotypic sex through the production of hormones. The …

Granulosa cells play an essential role in follicular development and formation of corpora
lutea. Many functions of granulosa-lutein cells are controlled by activation of G protein …

This article reviews results on diVerentiation, structure, and regulation of Leydig cells in the
testes of rodents and men. Two different populations—fetal and adult Leydig cells—can be …

Testosterone is a final product of androgenic hormone biosynthesis, and Leydig cells are
known to be the primary source of androgens. In the mammalian testis, two distinct …

The gonad is a unique biological system for studying cell-fate decisions. However, major
questions remain regarding the identity of somatic progenitor cells and the transcriptional …