Simple Summary Immune escape mechanisms have been identified in every step of lung
tumorigenesis. A heterogeneous ensemble of immune evasion processes shapes the …

Checkpoint proteins are an integral part of the immune system and are used by the tumor
cells to evade immune response, which helps them grow uncontrollably. By blocking these …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has
demonstrated clinically significant benefit for non-small-cell lung cancer, but innate (primary) …

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from
normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it is important to know the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are immunomodulatory antibodies that intensify the host
immune response, thereby leading to cytotoxicity. The primary targets for checkpoint …

Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death, whose unique metabolic characteristics
are commonly used to evaluate the conditions of various diseases especially in tumors …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes most primary liver cancers and is one of the
most lethal and life-threatening malignancies globally. Unfortunately, a substantial …

Simple Summary CCR4 is a chemokine receptor selectively expressed on normal T cell
subsets such as type 2 helper T cells, skin-homing T cells and regulatory T cells, and on skin …

Over the last two decades, several epi‐drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and
adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer …

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) reexpress hypermethylated genes in cancers
and leukemias and also activate endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), leading to interferon …