Summary The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprises 24 behaviours, the majority
of which are at least 10 times more likely to be seen in lame horses compared with non …

Simple Summary Mouth pain in horses, specifically that caused by bits, is evaluated as a
significant welfare issue. The conscious experiences of pain generated within the body …

There is evidence that more than 47% of the sports horse population in normal work may be
lame, but the lameness is not recognized by owners or trainers. An alternative means of …

Behavioural and physiological markers of discrete positive emotions remain little
investigated in animals. To characterise new markers in horses, we used tactile stimulations …

The scientific study of animal emotion has recently become an important focus for animal
behaviour and welfare researchers. For horses used by humans for work, recreation or …

Poor performance in horses is often attributed to rider or training problems or behavioral
abnormalities. Riders often fail to recognize lameness. We need to determine if there are …

Horses often present negative emotional states which are frequently poorly recognised, with
much of our understanding of horse expressions based on anecdotes, rather than scientific …

Differentiation between alteration in behavior which is the result of pain and that reflecting
other behavior is potentially challenging in ridden horses. A ridden horse ethogram has …

In recent decades, much effort has been invested in scientific studies of objective and
reliable assessment of pain in horses. Various types of pain assessment tools have been …

Identification of low‐grade lameness is challenging. A whole horse ridden ethogram has
been developed, describing 24 behavioural markers. Previous work indicated that the …