Compared to injection administration, oral administration is free of discomfort, wound
infection, and complications and has a higher compliance rate for patients with diverse …

Marine resources in unique marine environments provide abundant, cost-effective natural
biomaterials with distinct structures, compositions, and biological activities compared to …

The effectiveness of the commonly used therapy is low for treating triple-negative breast
cancer (TNBC). Macrophages, accounting for up to 50% of the TNBC tumor mass, are …

Despite the rapid development of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma
treatment, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) still hinders the efficacy of …

Cancer immunotherapy has gained popularity in recent years in the search for effective
treatment modalities for various malignancies, particularly those that are resistant to …

Therapeutic proteins often require needle-based injections, which compromise medication
adherence especially for those with chronic diseases. Sublingual administration provides a …

In the struggle against diseases, the development of nano-therapy has certainly been a
tremendous progression owing to the various superiority, and chitosan is no doubt a kind of …

Intranasal vaccines can induce protective immune responses at the mucosa surface
entrance, preventing the invasion of respiratory pathogens. However, the nasal barrier …

Chitin and its deacetylated form, chitosan, have demonstrated remarkable versatility in the
realm of biomaterials. Their exceptional biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, pro-and …

Mitochondrial transplantation is an important therapeutic strategy for restoring energy supply
in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD); however, it is limited by the invasiveness of …