The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play crucial
roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is an important mechanism in …

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling
pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) have been shown
to play major roles not only in physiological but also in most pathological angiogenesis …

New blood vessels formation from the existing vasculature is called angiogenesis. It is an
essential physiological process for the growth of cells, tissue repair, wound healing, and …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) belong to the platelet-derived growth factor
supergene family, and they play central roles in the regulation of angiogenesis and …

The process of entering the bloodstream, intravasation, is a necessary step in the
development of distant metastases. The focus of this review is on the pathways and …

Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF-A has proven to be effective in inhibiting angiogenesis
and vascular leak associated with cancers and various eye diseases. However, little …

The sites of targeted therapy are limited and need to be expanded. The FGF‐FGFR
signalling plays pivotal roles in the oncogenic process, and FGF/FGFR inhibitors are a …

Background—The lymphatic system regulates interstitial tissue fluid balance, and lymphatic
malfunction causes edema. The heart has an extensive lymphatic network displaying a …