Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response …

Antibiotic resistance, and, in a broader perspective, antimicrobial resistance (AMR),
continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries. As a result, infectious diseases have …

Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric
substances. Their formation is a multi-step process. Biofilms are a significant problem in …

Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract
infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help …

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant growth, as well as protect plants
from several biotic and abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, the …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-
associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S …

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge is a promising biotechnological
process for treating low-carbon nitrogenous wastewater, and is featured with low energy …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Biofilms, which are essential vectors of bacterial survival, protect microbes from antibiotics
and host immune attack and are one of the leading causes that maintain drug-resistant …